O sistema cultural de saúde biomédico em perspectiva na comunidade Ilé Alákétu Asè Ifá Omo Oyá / The cultural system biomedical health in perspective in the community Ilé Alákétu Asè Ifá Omo Oyá

Resumo Este estudo foi desenvolvido na interseção entre as ciências da saúde e a antropologia, com finalidade de compreender a importância da medicina tradicional afro-brasileira retratada nas casas de candomblé, explorando interações de seus membros com o sistema biomédico de saúde. A antropologia da saúde objetiva compreender o fenômeno da saúde como uma elaboração sociocultural, e partir disso desenvolve a noção de sistema cultural de saúde, operador teórico deste estudo. Esta proposta pode contribuir para superar os desafios enfrentados no campo da saúde coletiva, ao possibilitar diálogo entre sistemas culturais de saúde, favorecendo a criação de políticas mais eficazes. Este artigo, de inspiração etnográfica, foi desenvolvido a partir do levantamento bibliográfico específico, seguido de observações participantes e entrevistas com membros da comunidade Ilé Alákétu Asè Ifá Omo Oyá, localizada em São Paulo. A prática em saúde no candomblé consegue alcançar lacunas deixadas pela biomedicina, associando de forma não autoritária, colonialista ou excludente saberes de saúde distintos, considerando os processos simbólicos, culturais, subjetivos e espirituais envolvidos nos processos de adoecimento.

Abstract This study was developed at the intersection of health sciences and anthropology in order to understand the value of traditional Afro-Brazilian Medicine portrayed in houses of Candomblé exploring its member's interactions with the biomedical system of health. The anthropology of health aims to understand the phenomenon of health as a socio-cultural elaboration and from this, develops the notion of cultural health system, the theoretical operator of this study. This proposal can contribute to the challenges faced in the field of collective health by enabling dialogue between cultural health systems, supporting the creation of more effective policies. This ethnographic-inspired article was developed from a specific bibliographic survey, followed by participant observations and interviews with members of the community Ilé Alákétu Asè Ifá Omo Oyá, located in São Paulo. The health practice in candomblé manages to reach gaps left by biomedicine by associating itself in a non-authoritarian, colonialist or exclusive way taking into account the symbolic, cultural, subjective and spiritual processes involved in the processes of illness. This practice brings other possible ways of interpretation, treatment and cure for health problems.

O papel do divertimento e das determinantes motivacionais na persistência da prática de exercício físico / The role of enjoyment and motivational determinants in persistence in the practice of physical exercise

Resumo Como objetivo deste trabalho, definiu-se analisar os efeitos indiretos de determinantes motivacionais no divertimento e na persistência em praticantes de exercício físico regular. Participaram ao todo 967 praticantes de exercício em ginásio e health clubs, com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 65 anos (M=45,08; DP=13,76). Todos os participantes tinham mais de 6 meses de experiência regular em exercício físico. Os participantes preencheram ao todo questionários traduzidos e validados para a língua portuguesa no contexto do exercício físico, que examinavam a perceção dos comportamentos interpessoais, as necessidades psicológicas básicas, a regulação da motivação e o divertimento. A persistência foi medida através de registos eletrónicos, considerando um praticante persistente aquele que tivesse uma frequência semanal similar aquela auto-reportada no momento inicial. A maioria das regressões são significativas, confirmado os pressupostos da literatura existente. Os efeitos indiretos mostram que o divertimento desempenha um papel crucial na persistência, tanto por via motivação autónoma, como por via motivação controlada. Em suma, atividades promotoras do prazer que os praticantes de ginásio e health club experienciam durante a prática de exercício físico poderão ser a variável chave na persistência a longo prazo.

Abstract The scope of this paper was to analyze the impact of motivational determinants in enjoyment and persistence in physical exercise among practitioners of physical exercise. In total, 967 gym and health club exercise practitioners aged between 18 and 65 (M=45.08; SD=13.76) were recruited for analysis. All participants had more than six months of regular exercise practice. Participants completed and validated scales in the exercise context duly translated into Portuguese, assessing interpersonal behaviors, basic psychological needs, and behavioral regulation. Persistence was measured using computerized records considering persistent exercisers as being those who were exercising at similar frequencies as those self-reported at the initial assessment. Results showed that the measurement and structural model fit the data. Several significant effects were found supporting previous literature. Indirect effects showed enjoyment to play a crucial role on exercise persistence, both by the significant effect via autonomous and controlled motivation. In essence, activities that give pleasure that gym and health club exercisers experience during the practice of physical exercise can be the key variable of long-term persistence.

Perceived Environmental Supportiveness Scale: Portuguese Translation, Validation and Adaptation to the Physical Education Domain

Abstract Aim: Grounded on Self-Determination Theory, this study aimed to translate, adapt and validate the Perceived Environmental Supportiveness Scale (PESS) in a sample of Portuguese physical education students. Methods: The global sample was comprised of 964 students (518 females), divided in two groups: the calibration (n = 469) and the validation one (n = 483), all of them enrolled in two Physical Education (PE) classes/week. Results: The analysis provided support for a one factor and 12 items model, which are in line with the values adopted in the methodology (χ² = 196.123, df = 54, p = <.001, SRMR = .035, NNFI = .943, CFI = .954, RMSEA = .074, 90% CI .063-.085). Results express that the models are invariant in all analysis (i.e., calibration vs. validation, male vs. female, and 3rd vs. secondary cycle; three and single factor models). Conclusion: The present study suggests that the PESS with one factor and 12 items has good psychometric properties and can be used to assess perceived need supportive motivational environments provided by PE teachers. Additionally, invariance analysis showed support for the use of the scale in both genders and in the 3rd and secondary cycles.

Indicador de salubridade ambiental: variações da formulação e usos do indicador no Brasil / Indicator of environmental health: formula modifications and indicator applications in Brazil

RESUMO O Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental (ISA) foi criado, em 1999, pelo Conselho Estadual de Saneamento (Conesan) do Estado de São Paulo. Embora tenha sido formado com o objetivo de medir o nível de salubridade ambiental dos municípios paulistas, o ISA tem sido utilizado em diversas Regiões do Brasil. Além disso, ao longo desses 17 anos, o ISA vem sendo alterado em sua formulação original, de acordo com as características do local a ser avaliado, como é sugerido pelo manual que o originou. Diante disso, o objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar o estado da arte da utilização do ISA no Brasil, identificando avanços, lacunas e desafios de seu uso. Para isso, realizou-se amplo levantamento bibliográfico a fim de encontrar estudos disponíveis em meios eletrônicos que utilizaram o ISA. Foram identificados e analisados 60 casos. As Regiões Nordeste e Sul do país são as que possuem a maior quantidade de estudos e a maioria deles (41,6%) é resultado de dissertações de mestrado. Cada estudo utiliza, em média, seis indicadores de primeira ordem e a revisão bibliográfica é método preponderante para escolhê-los e ponderá-los. Por fim, foi mostrado que as diferenças entre os ISA na verdade são um empecilho para a utilização desse indicador. Uma vez que cada estudo possui suas peculiaridades em termos de indicadores, pesos e critérios de cálculo, só é possível fazer comparações dos resultados obtidos entre um mesmo estudo ao longo do tempo, mas essas diferenças impossibilitam a comparação entre os valores obtidos em diferentes estudos.

ABSTRACT The Environmental Health Indicator (Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental - ISA) was established in 1999 by the São Paulo's State Council of Sanitation (Conesan). Although this indicator was created to measure the level of environmental health of the municipalities in São Paulo state, Brazil, ISA has been applied in several other regions of Brazil. Moreover, throughout these 17 years, the original ISA formulation has been altered according with local characteristics, as suggested by the manual that originated it. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate ISA application state of the art in Brazil, by the identification of the progress, gaps, and challenges of its use. An extensive literature investigation was performed in order to find studies available in electronic media that used ISA. We identified and analyzed 60 cases. The Northeast and South regions are those with the greatest number of studies, and the majority of them (41.6%) are result of master's dissertations. Each study uses an average of six first order indicators, and the literature review is the predominant method for choosing and evaluating them. Finally, we showed that the differences between the ISAs are actually a drawback for this indicator use. Since each study has peculiarities in terms of indicators, weights, and criteria calculation, it is only possible to compare the results from the same study over time, but these differences preclude the comparison between the values obtained in different studies.

Pulmonary thromboembolism: new diagnostic imaging techniques / Novas técnicas no diagnóstico por imagem do tromboembolismo pulmonar

Abstract The accurate diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism is essential to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism is challenging because of the nonspecific nature of the clinical profile and the risk factors. Imaging methods provide the definitive diagnosis. Currently, the imaging method most commonly used in the evaluation of pulmonary thromboembolism is computed tomography. The recent development of dual-energy computed tomography has provided a promising tool for the evaluation of pulmonary perfusion through iodine mapping. In this article, we will review the importance of diagnosing pulmonary thromboembolism, as well as the imaging methods employed, primarily dual-energy computed tomography.

Resumo A acurácia no diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar é essencial para reduzir a morbimortalidade causada por esta enfermidade. Devido ao quadro clínico e fatores de risco inespecíficos, o diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar torna-se um desafio. Os métodos de imagem fornecem o diagnóstico definitivo, sendo a tomografia computadorizada o método mais utilizado atualmente. Nos últimos anos, houve o desenvolvimento da tomografia computadorizada com dupla energia e essa ferramenta tem se mostrado promissora para avaliação da perfusão pulmonar por meio do mapa de iodo. Neste artigo é feita revisão acerca da importância do diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar, bem como os métodos de imagem disponíveis, com ênfase na tomografia computadorizada com dupla energia.

Translation and validation of the perceived locus of causality questionnaire (PLOCQ) in a sample of portuguese physical education students

AIM: This study main aim was to translate and validate one of the most used SDT-based instruments to assess motivation in PE classes, the Perceived Locus of Causality Questionnaire (PLOCQ), to the Portuguese context. METHOD: Sample was composed of 652 boys (M=15.4 years; SD=1.90) and 702 girls (M=15.47 years; SD=1.95), enrolled in physical education classes in several Portuguese schools. RESULTS: The analysis provided support for a five factors and 18 items model, after excluding two items (χ² = 491.473, df = 125, p = <.001, SRMR = .062, NNFI = .908, CFI = .924, RMSEA = .067, 90% CI .061-.073). Sample and gender invariance procedures were made to ensure proper psychometric validation. Results presented support for the model in both gender and calibration/validation samples. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that PLOCQ with five factors and 18 items has good psychometric proprieties and can be used to assess contextual motivation towards PE in the Portuguese context.(AU)

Needs satisfaction ffect on exercise emotional response: a serial mediation analysis with motivational regulations and exercise intensity

Abstract Regarding psychological responses to exercise, this study aimed to analyze the mediating effects of motivational regulations and intensity in the association between basic psychological needs satisfaction and emotional responses. This was a cross-sectional study of 495 health club members (M = 40.50 years; SD = 13.54); of these, 186 were women (37.6%) and 309 men (62.4%), with an average attendance of 2.61 sessions per week (SD=1.29). Self-determination theory motivational regulations and basic psychological needs (BPN), perceived exercise intensity, and emotional response were measured. Serial mediation procedures were followed to test the interactions of variables. Models with autonomous regulations predicted positive emotional responses. As for the negative emotional response, the models with external regulation presented the highest predictions for negative activation. Results indicate that BPN satisfaction is associated with better emotional response, partially explained by autonomous regulations and perceived exercise intensity. In externally regulated individuals, perceived exercise intensity appears to be important to sustain a better emotional response.